SUBJECT MATTER AND SECTION DEFINITIONS

Statement on Subject Matter applicable to all sections.

The fundamental rule that must be observed at all times and applies to all sections offered in exhibitions with FIAP patronage or PSA recognition is that the welfare of living creatures is more important than any photograph. This means that practices such as baiting of subjects with a living creature and removal of birds from nests, for the purpose of obtaining a photograph, are highly unethical, and such photographs are not allowed in any exhibition with FIAP patronage or PSA recognition. Under no circumstances may a living creature be placed in a situation where it will be killed, injured or stressed for the purpose of obtaining a photograph. This rule applies regardless of whether or not the creature being killed, injured or stressed is visible in the captured image.

There are also concerns about the use of aerial photography, drones, helicopters, low flying aircraft. These should not cause any interference with other individuals or animals which causes a disturbance in their normal activity or disrupt the way any individuals or animals interact with their environment.

Entry in this exhibition is conditional on accepting these policies. The content of images must comply with theseGeneral Conditions and with the Division and Section definitions listed in these conditions. Images that - in the sole opinion of the judges or the Exhibition Organizers - do not comply, will be disqualified so the entrant may be aware of the problem when considering entry into other exhibitions with FIAP patronage/PSA recognition.

Further details on the PSA's drone policy may be found at https://psa-photo.org/index.php?psa-policies#drone

DEFINITIONS

Attention is drawn to the PSA Statement on Subject Matter which applies to all sections.

An image is considered to be Monochrome only if it gives the impression of having no color (i.e. contains only shades of grey which can include pure black and pure white) OR it gives the impression of being a greyscale image that has been toned in one color across the entire image. (For example by Sepia, red, gold, etc.) A greyscale or multi-colored image modified or giving the impression of having been modified by partial toning, multi toning or by the inclusion of spot coloring does not meet the definition of monochrome and will be classified as a Color Work.

Greyscale Monochrome images may be entered for Nature, Photojournalism and Photo
Travel but toned images are not permitted for these sections.

Monochrome images may not be entered in PID Color sections. 

PSA/FIAP Nature/Wildlife Definition

Images in Wildlife sections of exhibitions must meet the following conditions:
(a) Zoological organisms must be living free and unrestrained in a natural or adopted
habitat of their own choosing.
(b) Images of zoological organisms that have been removed from their natural habitat,
are in any form of captivity or are being controlled by humans for the purpose of
photography are not allowed.
(c) Botanical organisms may not be removed from their natural environment for the
purpose of photography.
(d) Images that have been staged for the purpose of photography are not allowed.

Nature photography records all branches of natural history except anthropology and
archaeology. This includes all aspects of the physical world, both animate and inanimate,
that have not been made or modified by humans.
Nature images must convey the truth of the scene that was photographed. A well-informed
person should be able to identify the subject of the image and be satisfied that it has been
presented honestly and that no unethical practices have been used to control the subject or
capture the image. Images that directly or indirectly show any human activity that threatens
the life or welfare of a living organism are not allowed.
The most important part of a Nature image is the nature story it tells. High technical
standards are expected and the image must look natural. Adding a vignette or blurring the
background during processing is not allowed.
Objects created by humans, and evidence of human activity, are allowed in Nature images
only when they are a necessary part of the Nature story.
Photographs of human-created hybrid plants, cultivated plants, feral animals, domesticated
animals, human-created hybrid animals and mounted or preserved zoological specimens are
not allowed.
Controlling live subjects by chilling, anaesthetic or any other method of restricting natural
movement for the purpose of a photograph is not allowed.
No modification that changes the truth of a Nature image is allowed. Images may be
cropped but no other technique that removes, adds or moves any part of the image is
allowed.
Techniques that remove elements added by the camera, such as dust spots, digital noise
and lens flare are allowed.
Complete conversion of colour images to greyscale monochrome is allowed. Partial
conversion, toning and infrared captures or conversions are not allowed.

Images of the same subject that are combined in-camera or with software by focus stacking
or exposure blending are allowed. Multiple images with overlapping fields of view that are
taken consecutively and combined in-camera or with software (image stitching) are allowed.

Attention is drawn to the PSA Statement on Subject Matter which applies to all sections.


Borders
For the purpose of this exhibition any border added to a Nature digital file must be a single
border of white or grey, no greater than 3 - 5 pixels in width.



Entrants are advised to consult the PSA Guide for Nature Photography which can be found at https://psa-photo.org/useruploads/files/nature/Nature-Photography-Judges-Guide.pdf 

PSA Photo Travel Definition

A Photo Travel image expresses the characteristic features or culture of a land as they are found naturally. There are no geographical limitations. Images from events or activities arranged specifically for photography, or of subjects directed or hired for photography are not permitted. Close up pictures of people or objects must include features that provide information about the location.
Techniques that add, relocate, replace or remove any element of the original image, except by cropping, are not permitted. The only allowable adjustments are removal of dust or digital noise, restoration of the appearance of the original scene, and complete conversion to greyscale monochrome. Other derivations, including infrared, are not permitted. All images must look natural.

Attention is drawn to the PSA Statement on Subject Matter which applies to all sections.

Vignettes and Borders
For the purpose of this exhibition vignettes are not allowed in Photo Travel Digital images. Any border added must be a single border of white or grey, no greater than 3 - 5 pixels in width.

Entrants are advised to consult the advice on Photo Travel to be found at https://psa-photo.org/index.php?ptd-educational-resources 

Images of what you consider conveys the western world. A reflection of the modern, contemporary or even of the derelict. Images of people or of places. Images that predominantly or exclusively depict activities of people must illustrate a distinctive culture of a country, region, or continent. Images of ‘scapes’ must include characteristic, distinctive and recognizable physical features, although it is not necessary that the image identify the exact location. The Photo Travel definition must be adhered to.

Vignettes and Borders
For the purpose of this exhibition vignettes are not allowed in Photo Travel Digital images. Any border added must be a single border of white or grey, no greater than 3 - 5 pixels in width.

Show us images of what you consider reflects the traditional or the developing world. Images of people or of places. Images that predominantly or exclusively depict activities of people must illustrate a distinctive culture of a country, region, or continent. Images of ‘scapes’ must include characteristic, distinctive and recognizable physical features, although it is not necessary that the image identify the exact location. The Photo Travel definition must be adhered to.

Vignettes and Borders
For the purpose of this exhibition vignettes are not allowed in Photo Travel Digital images. Any border added must be a single border of white or grey, no greater than 3 - 5 pixels in width.

Photojournalism Definition

Attention is drawn to the PSA Statement on Subject Matter which applies to all sections.

For the purpose of this exhibition, toned images are not allowed in Photojournalism 
sections. Any monochrome image entered must be "greyscale monochrome".

Vignettes and Borders
For the purpose of this exhibition, vignettes are not allowed in Photojournalism Digital
images. Any border added must be a single border of white or grey, no greater than 3 -5
pixels in width. 
 

Photojournalism entries are images with informative content and emotional impact, reflecting the human presence in our world. The journalistic (story-telling) value of the image should receive priority over pictorial quality. Images that misrepresent the truth, such as those from events or activities arranged specifically for photography, or of subjects directed or hired for photography, are not eligible.
Techniques that add, relocate, replace, remove or change any element in the original scene, except by cropping, are not permitted. All images must look natural. The only allowable modifications are removal of dust, scratches or digital noise and restoration of the appearance of the existing scene, or complete conversion to greyscale monochrome. Other derivations, including infrared, are not eligible.

Vignettes and Borders
For the purpose of this exhibition, vignettes are not allowed in Photojournalism Digital
images. Any border added must be a single border of white or grey, no greater than 3 - 5
pixels in width. 

The Human Interest images are defined as images which depict a person or persons in an interactive, emotional or unusual situation, excluding sports action.Photojournalism entries are images with informative content and emotional impact, reflecting the human presence in our world. The journalistic (story-telling) value of the image should receive priority over pictorial quality. Images that misrepresent the truth, such as those from events or activities arranged specifically for photography, or of subjects directed or hired for photography, are not eligible.
Techniques that add, relocate, replace, remove or change any element in the original scene, except by cropping, are not permitted. The only allowable modifications are removal of dust, scratches or digital noise and restoration of the appearance of the existing scene, or complete conversion to full monochrome. Other derivations,including infrared, are not eligible.

Vignettes and Borders
For the purpose of this exhibition, vignettes are not allowed in Photojournalism Digital
images. Any border added must be a single border of white or grey, no greater than 3 - 5
pixels in width. 

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